Although standard redox potentials of NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same, and both are capable of carrying high-energy electrons, they are used in very distinct reactions in cells. Explain why NAD+/NADH+H+ is preferentially used for catabolic reaction (e.g. cellular respiration and glucose breakdown) and NADP+/NADPH+H+ is predominantly used for […]

1. How is sex determined in grasshoppers? Can you find other examples of organisms with a similar system of sex determination? 2. Some marine shellfish, such as limpets, become either male or female depending on where they grow. What makes one limpet a male and another a female? 3. Are […]

1. Describe the structure of a multi-cellular fungus. Identify the vegetative and reproductive portions of the fungus. 2. Distinguish between sexual and asexual fungal spores. Give examples of each type of spore. 3. Describe the reproductive mechanisms of yeasts 4.What ace the imperfect fungi? 5. How do fungi digest their […]

Q1. A young animal has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. […]