Question: Liposomes are promising molecules in gene transfer technology because of their similarity to cell membranes and their charge interactions with negatively charged DNA. Estimate the charge on the outside surface of a liposome of diameter 1 um. Suppose a typical phospholipid head has a diameter of 1 nm and carries […]

Introduction to the Activity: In 1996 history was made when a sheep named Dolly was the first animal to be successfully cloned (Wilmut et al. 1997). Since then there have been numerous advancements in the science of cloning, resulting in the development of other clones from horses, cats, and mouse (AMA-ASSN). […]

1. While fishing for King crab in Alaska, a man falls overboard into the Bering Seas 33 degree Fahrenheit water. He is rescued after only one minute in the water, but already has moderate hypothermia. Explain the mechanisms involved in the development of hypothermia, and explain the pathogenesis of the […]

After eating a meal, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream triggering the secretion of hormones involved in nutrient metabolism. Insulin typically always rises in response during this absorptive phase of digestion. However, a protein rich meal, also causes a rise in glucagon levels, a hormone that we normally associate as […]