1. What are biofilms, how do they form, and how can biofilms complicate treatment of infectious diseases? 2. Why are septic tanks and oxidation ponds not feasible for large municipalities? 3. What is the purpose of a coliform count on water? 4. Bioremediation refers to the use of the living […]

Questions 1-8: Answer the following essay questions in a short paragraph. Each question is worth four points. 1. Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive selection, and provide an example of each. 2. Many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Explain how such adaptations can develop through the […]

You are given an isolated muscle with its motor nerve intact. This preparation is arranged so that you can make electrophysiological measurements from the nerve and the muscle as well as mechanical measurements of the muscle contraction. You observe that if caffeine is added to the fluid bathing the preparation, […]

From the bits of plants remaining in the guts of some insects, researchers were also able to clone some of the Jurassic vegetation. They found that in one species of plants, the flowers came in two colors, but that color was controlled by two genes that are on separate chromosomes. […]