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1. Define the term symbiosis. What are the 3 main types ofsymbiosis? Be sure to include an example for each 2. Sea anemones compete for space Describe how they ‘wage war’. 3. Do all trochozoan have a trochophore larval stage? 4. What hormones are hypersecreted causing hyperglycemia and hypertension?  What […]

Consider a mainland-island migration scenario where two alleles are segregating and the observed frequencies of heterozygotes are such that Hi = 0.32 for the mainland and Hi = 0.5 for the island. What are P(island) and P(mainland)? Assume very large population sizes, no inbreeding, and the other assumptions of H-W […]

Question 1: ATP as the energy currency of the cell ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has been called the energy currency of the cell. Briefly outline the cycle by which energy is stored in and released from ATP. Explain the importance of the phosphate bond to this series of processes. Be prepared […]

Q. Birds and mammals have a four-chambered heart, with two ventricles and two atria, but other modern reptiles have a three-chambered heart, with just one ventricle. Paleontologists debate whether dinosaurs had a typical “reptile-like” heart or a “birdlike” heart. Long-necked sauropod dinosaurs could have had unusual circulatory demands because their […]