1. How did the blue-gren algae (cyanobacteria) cause the fist mass extinction? 2. Describe how the structure of erythrocytes is advantageous for their function as oxygen transporters 3. Describe the anatomical features of cardiac cells that allow for coordinated contractions. 4. Define and explain the significance of vascular anastomoses in […]

Insulin is released from pancreatic b cells when blood glucose levels increase and glucagon is released from pancreatic a cells when blood glucose levels decrease. Blood glucose concentration is tightly controlled and at the basic level it appears that glucose binds to GLUT2 receptors on b cells increasing the concentration […]

Q1. Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as the sex-linked dominant trait. The relevant gene is found on an X chromosome. What is an expected outcome of a cross between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia? Q2. A chimeric gene containing a cloned cDNA of the coat […]

Every cell in the human body has two alleles that condense into single chromosomes held together by a centromere. These “sister” chromaatids replicate and pair with the newly made homologous chromosomes. In this exercise we will follow the movement of the chromosomes through meiosis I and II to create haploid […]