Why is the CO2 concentration in Earth’s atmosphere increasing? Use the bathtub analogy to explain your answer. Now, I know you are thinking – ‘That is a silly question, the answer is obviously human CO2 emissions’. However, that is only part of the answer – emissions (what type? what rates?) are […]

Purines and pyrimidines play crucial roles in cellular energy systems signaling and in the production of DNA and RNA. Purines and pyrimidines can either be synthesized de novo or from normal catabolism, via a salvage pathway. Uric acid is the end product of the purine catabolism, and Citric Acid cycle […]

A female in the third trimester of pregnancy is brought to the operating room for an emergency appendectomy. It will be necessary for the patient to receive general anesthesia in order to perform the procedure. -Anatomically, what changes have taken place in the patient that must be taken under consideration […]

You decide to design an assay for flu infection detection. HA protein is only present on the surface of influenza viral particles so you choose to design an ELISA assay to detect the presence of HA in human blood samples. You will use THREE different antibodies for the assay. The […]