Movement of chloride ions across the cell membrane from the the outside of nerve cells to the inside has a delta-G of about 1.1 kcal/mol even in the presence of a gradient. Why is the gradient alone not enough to get the ions into the cell? (Think about how delta-G […]

You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there.  After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells:  One kind was very small and had no separate […]

Question:  What are the four main types of proteins found in blood plasma and what are their functions? Question:  Explain why is type O blood considered the universal donor? What would happen if a person who was a type B blood type was transfused with type A blood type and […]

Question: Aphids can reproduce sexually and asexually. Females reproduce by themselves and give birth to live females in summer. They also reproduce sexually and lay eggs that survive in summer and eggs that survive in the winter and hatch in the spring. Often found on ornamental plants, aphids are among the […]