Each year, you grow tomatoes to eat in your salads during the summer and fall. In the past you have not used any type of fertilizer on your plants. This year, you have noticed advertisements for a “Logo Tomato Fertilizer” that, according to the manufacturer, will produce the “biggest tomatoes […]

many medicines are taken parenterally-that is, swallowed and absorbed from the digestive system. Aspirin and many antibiotics are examples. Even though these drugs may be very different chemically, the insructions for taking them often say “repeat dose every 4 to 6 hours.” What is the reasoning behind this dose rate? […]

Since at least 1940, evolutionary biologists have fretted that modern life has relaxed selection against deleterious alleles in developed human societies, with potentially dire consequences for the human race.  a) Offer a critique of that argument. In particular, explain what the very-long-term consequences would be.  b) An alternative hypothesis is […]

Mary’s grandmother slipped on a scatter rug and fell heavily to the floor. Her left lower limb was laterally rotated and noticeably shorter than the right, and when she attempted to get up, she winced with pain. Mary surmised that her grandmother might have “fractured her hip”, which later proved […]