Americans alone produced over 250 million tons of garbage. One large component of this waste consisted of oil based plastic bags, which are utilized excessively by grocers, restaurants, and stores nationwide. In order to reduce this source of waste, many countries are banning plastic bags or taxing customers for their […]

Question 1: How might both kin selection and kin recognition rules be useful in understanding cases of “adoption” in animals? Question 2: Imagine that you are studying two populations of tropical lizards that inhabit areas where high-quality food items are distributed patchily (i.e., it would take some time to travel […]

A company is growing algae in big tanks to make fish food. However, the algae is not growing very quickly and thy suspect either phosphorus, nitrogen, or iron is limiting. What could the company of to figure out which nutrient is limiting? A. Add phosphorus to one tank, nitrogen to […]

In 1796 Edward Jenner, an English country doctor, noticed that milkmaids who suffered from cowpox appeared resistant to smallpox. He pioneered “vaccination” using material from the pustules of cows suffering from the related virus. It was the most significant breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of infectious disease at the […]