In a population of 50,000 diploid yeast cells (in this case the census and effective population sizes are identical) all cells have genotype A until a mutation (A-a) occurs, giving one copy of a. Alleles confer equivalent fitness. a. What is the probability that a will be fixed? b. How […]

Doll And Hill first evaluated the proposition that smoking was a risk factor for lung cancer in a case-control study (Doll and Hill, 1950). They determine that, of 650 men with lung cancer (cases), 645 had smoked at some time, in comparison with the 625 of the 650 men without […]

1) A woman and her spouse both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent who was an albino. the woman had one albino parent and one normal pigmentation parent. same for her spouse. a) show the genotype of an albinob) genotype for woman and her spousec) […]

Objectives • Understand the role of sentinel cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) in recognizing viruses, initiating intrinsic responses and coordinating innate and adaptive immune response. • Explain the how Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T-cells recognize that a cell is infected with a virus and kills the infected cell. • […]