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Q1. What basic similarities among mammals and differences between mammals (the in-group) and reptiles (an out-group) help support the hypothesis that all mammals share a common ancestor? Q2. Barry Snowden, owner of Barry’s Snowboards, would like to develop a page that would explain a list of snowboard types along with […]

Changes in electrolytes or amount of fluid in the ICF or ECF affect every system in the body. Sometimes chemicals or infectious organisms can result in extreme irritation of the cells lining the large intestine. In response to this irritation, these cells may secrete sodium into the large intestine. Describe […]

Biology Movement, Cycles and Rhythms Actions for Movement, Cycles and Rhythms’ The control of movement is often divided into mechanisms of reflexes and of voluntary movement. What is a reflex? It is a stereotyped, automatic movement evoked by a specific stimulus. It is uniform across members of a species. Some […]

Question: A quorum sensing response in a hypothetical organism (let’s call it Vibrio imaginarium) results in upregulation of one gene (qsg1) and downregulation of another (qsg2). Assume that preliminary experiments have been performed and these experiments have shown that homoserine lactone functions as the autoinducer. You are interested in how the […]