Changes in electrolytes or amount of fluid in the ICF or ECF affect every system in the body. Sometimes chemicals or infectious organisms can result in extreme irritation of the cells lining the large intestine. In response to this irritation, these cells may secrete sodium into the large intestine. Describe […]

Biology Movement, Cycles and Rhythms Actions for Movement, Cycles and Rhythms’ The control of movement is often divided into mechanisms of reflexes and of voluntary movement. What is a reflex? It is a stereotyped, automatic movement evoked by a specific stimulus. It is uniform across members of a species. Some […]

Module- Case Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems Note: If you have trouble viewing some of the course materials, install Quicktime and the Adobe Shockwave Player, both of which can be downloaded free from the Internet. Case Assignment In this Case Assignment, you will address the following in a […]

A hybrid car is a motor vehicle that uses two or more different sources of power. In most hybrids, you will find an internal combustion engine in addition to an electrical motor. Depending on how the vehicle is driven and the availability of power, the car uses gasoline and battery […]