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There are four various sub-viral (Satellite) agents that must utilize other viruses in order to complete their life cycle. Define what a sub-viral agent is and discuss three of the sub-viral agents that need the cell or a so-called “Helper Virus” in order to replicate. (Note: Many times prions are […]

Table 1 estimated illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths caused by pathogens capable of being food bourne. Disease / agent Illness episodes Hospitalizations  Deaths BACTERIAL       Campylobacter spp. 1 963 141 10 539 99 Clostridium perfingens 248 520 41 7 E.coli 0157 62 458 1843 52 Listeria monocytogenes 2493 2298 […]

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a very common condition in the United States and is a leading cause of disability among people older than 50. It is more common in smokers, people with diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol. Many people seem to think that this is a normal part of […]

1) Cancer is the result of abhorrent signaling that results in cells dividing rapidly, and out of the control of the “collective system” (A.K.A. the body). Considering the fact that signaling occurs most often via phosphorylation of proteins by other proteins, would the development and use of drugs that prohibit […]