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Q1. It is well known that rubbing a minor wound inhibits the sensation of pain that an individual is experience. Please design a circuit that would explain this phenomenon (i.e., how would you put together a set of neurons in the spinal cord or beyond to mediate this process). What […]

Practitioners of homeopathic medicine believe that toxic substances, once appropriately diluted, can have healing effects, usually having the opposite effect of the symptoms of the original toxic compound. There are currently over 3,000 homeopathic medicines available. One common remedy, Arsenicum Album, based on arsenic oxide, is used to treat anxiety, […]

Wild-type E. coli grow best at 37 but can grow efficiently up to 42 . An E. coli strain has a mutation of the sigma subunit that results in an RNA polymerase holoenzyme that is stable and transcribes at wild-type levels at 37 . The mutant holoenzyme is progressively destabilized […]

You have been tracking a population of birds in the jungle and over several generations observed the following genotype frequencies for a given locus, B : 12% BB, 28% Bb, and 60% bb. The climate changed abruptly and resulted in the death of all homozygous recessive birds. In the next […]