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Suppose that a population of forest dwellers is predominantly green, but about 25% of each new generation of children are a lighter color – yellow or pale green. The lighter colored beings have to be careful, as they are more easily seen and eaten by predators! How can we explain […]

Q. 1. What are six major areas into which genetic research has been focused to augment plant growth-promoting activity of bacterial strains? 2. What is the general name for the group of bacteria that fix nitrogen in the nodules of legumes? What is the commonly used assay for nitrogenase? 3. […]

Upon your return to school after a long summer break ,you are anxious to get back to work in the research lab and complete the last experiment needed for your first publication.OOPS.you discover that in your excitement to leave at the end of spring semester your forgot to label your […]

While limiting the expression of MHC class II to so-called “professional” APCs partially ameliorates the problem of self non self recognition among CD4+ T cells, it remains difficult to understand how it is possible that even these cells’ class II molecules are not deluged with processed “self” molecules (for example, […]