The termination of translation occurs when a ribosome that is translating an mRNA encounters a stop codon. Since there are no tRNAs that can base pair with stop codons, the A-site of a ribosome that is positioned at a stop codon is able to bind a protein called release factor, […]

Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determination. H. melpomene’s wing spots are normally orange, but a recessive Z-linked mutation causes the spots to be yellow, while a recessive autosomal mutation causes the spots to be red. Butterflies homozygous (or hemizygous) for both mutations have no wing […]

1. A sea urchin egg is used in a voltage clamp experiment; that is, the value of the transmembrane voltage is set by the experimenter, not by the properties of the membrane.The transmembrane voltage is held at +10 mV for one minute. At the end of that timeA. the voltage-gated calcium […]

1. In the replication of ColE1 based plasmids, explain how copy number is normally regulated, and define and explain the consequences of inactivating mutations in: a. ROMb. RNA1c. RNA2d. PCNB…Why might you want to temporarily reduce plasmid copy number in your cloning experiment? 2. Define and explain the basis for […]