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The relationship of free energy change (?G) to the concentrations of reactants and products is important because it predicts the direction of spontaneous chemical reactions. Familiarity with this relationship is essential for understanding energy conversions in cells. Consider for example the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi): […]

A student performed a BioRad miniprep of plasmid DNA that resulted in 100ul(microliter) of DNA solution. To determine the concentration of this solution, 20ul of the DNA solution was placed in 480ul of water and the absorbance of the diluted sample was measured at 260nm. The absorbance relative to a […]

1) What is responsible for the banding pattern seen in skeletal muscle cells? 2) What is the functions of tendons? How is a tendon different from an aponeurosis? How is it similar? 3) How do isotonic and isometric contractions different ? 4) The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. […]

Discussion Board Scientists have learned a lot about genes. It is the hope that one day scientists will be able to remove a gene that causes a defect and replace it with a “normal” gene. They can already do this for some genes. Would it not be great to remove […]