I am studying Amniota and I was wondering if someone could explain to me the following concepts. I know that the features of Chordata are the notochord, dorsal nerve cords, gill clefts (except for Tunicata); segmented muscles and a post-anal tail. I know that developmentally we are related to echinoderms. […]

In his studies of glucose metabolism by yeast, Louis Pasteur discovered that the sudden addition of oxygen (O2) to a previously anaerobic suspension of yeast in grape juice resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate of glucose consumption. This “Pasteur effect†can be counteracted by the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol […]

Mendel and the re-discoverers of genetics Correns, de Vries and Tschermak identified discrete traits whose patterns of inheritance followed interpretable rules.  But most traits found in animals and plants were continuous, not discrete, and tended to mix in offspring – when you cross a Labrador and a poodle (two breeds […]

1. Explain the sort of knowledge that can be learnt by a biologist from the study of DNA mutations or using DNA mutations. 2. Is oxygen present in high or low quantities in medium with a lowO-R potential? 3. A mule is produced by mating a male donkey with a […]