The most common therapy for warts is cryotherapy, in which liquid nitrogen is applied to the area of the wart every few weeks, freezing it for a few seconds until the wart falls off. This isn’t as painful as it sounds, but requries a physician’s attention and, for some patients, […]

Often, prokaryotic cells exist as simple unicellular organisms, but in some species, prokaryotic cells can grow together in colonies or filaments. In addition, some species, such as Cynaobacteria or Myxobacteria, demonstrate intercellular communicate , or might even produce specialized cells and structures. However, only eukaryotic cells form the bodies of […]

Q1. A subject extends his arm palm up to catch a falling object. The contact of object with the hand triggers a reflexive response in the biceps muscle. But this response is different and opposite if the object is a raw egg instead of a ball. Explain why with reason? […]

Q1. Define growth and note how it applies to bacteria. Q2. Describe the process of cell division in bacteria. List and describe the four phases of growth in a bacterial culture. Q3. List and describe at least four methods used to measure bacterial growth. Q4. List at least six physical […]