ETIOLOGYPATHOPHYSIOLOGY -Ineffective contraction of left ventricle (Craft, et al 2011)-Reduced cardiac output (Leonard, 2011) -Accumulation of blood in the left atrium and the lungs -Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea and activity intolerance. -Untreated/ inadequately treated hypertension-Myocardial infarction -Arrhythmias (Barry, 2011) -Valvular disease (aortic and mitral valve stenosis) -Cardiomyopathy -Congenital heart […]