Q. Joe Average has just been frightened by a very loud noise as he was taking a very difficult physiology exam. In response, his adrenal glands have released a large amount of adrenaline into his circulation.

As the adrenaline reaches the heart, which of the follow effects would you expect to see in cardiac cells?

a) increased phase 4 depolarization due to increased <funny channel< conductance

b) hyperpolarization of pacemaker cells due to increased conductance of G protein activated K+ channels

c) lower peak sarcoplasmic Ca concentrations ++ due to lower ryanodine recpetor opening

d) A and B

e) A and C