1. In a large, randomly mating herd of cattle, 16 percent of the newborn calves have a certain type of dwarfism due to a homozygous recessive allele. Assume the population is in Hardy~Weinberg equilibrium.

a>What is the frequency of the recessive dwarfing allele?
b> what is the frequency of the normal allele?
c> what proportion of the normal cattle are homozygous?
d> what is the frequency of the individuals with dwarfism?
e> what is the frequency of carriers in the population?

2. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive genetic disorder in metabolism that can lead to mental retardation and other health problems. Approximately 1 in 10000 babies are born with this disease.

a> What is the frequency of the PKU allele?
b> what proportion of the population are PKU carriers?