Q1. Recognize the groups of microorganisms included in the scope of microbiology and explain the criteria for including these groups in the field.

Q2. A marine biologist has dredge up some unknown animal from the seafloor. Describe some of the characteristics she must look at to determine the animal phylum.

Q3. A porcupine eats 3,000 J of plant material. 1,600 J is indigestible and is removed as feces. 1,300 J are used in cellular respiration. What is the estimated production efficiency of this animal?