Q1. Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X-ray image) in the alveoli. Given that pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.

Q2. Drag the labels onto the graph to indicate which presynaptic neuron produced each change in the axon hillock’s membrane potential. Assume that the same number of ligand-gated ion channels opens at each synapse.