Q1. Volcanoes are usually not preserved in the geologic rock record as they are generally eroded away. Though, the various materials erupted from volcanoes are often found preserved in the rock record. From what you have learned about the different types of volcanoes, how can you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on type of volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock? Give specific examples, and in brief discuss how some materials may be linked to different types of volcanoes.

Q2. Patrick’s urine sample reveals a high concentration of glucose. Is glucose normally present in urine? Propose two possible mechanisms to describe why kidney would excrete excess glucose, and what abnormality may underlie those conditions.