Q1. A unit of area often used in measuring land areas is the hectare, defined as 104 m2. An open-pit coal mine consumes 62 hectares of land, down to a depth of 32 m, each year. What volume of earth, in cubic kilometres, is removed in this time?

Q2. What are two ways the use of DNA testing could benefit society and two ways this biotechnology could be harmful. Comprise proper APA citations of outside sources.

Q3. Explain a species using criteria that are used to determine if two populations are the same species along with a discussion of the procedure of speciation with instance.