1. What is the purpose of flaming the loop prior to transferring an organism from a test tube to a petri plate? What type of heat is flaming? Why can’t the loop be put on the bench top after using it?

2. Why are antibacterials not used to destroy viruses? What is the difference between bacteria and viruses that cause this to happen?

3. How does an organism with a capsule such as K. pneumoniae, provide the organism with pathogenic abilities to avoid destruction by the host cell?