1. A population of Madagascar hissing cockroaches lives in a woodpile. It suffers heavy predation from lizards, which pull the roaches out of their hiding places. The largest adults are not able to fit into most of the cracks in the wood, and are hunted down mercilessly, and the smallest adults are easily pried out of their crevices. The other roaches usually survive.

What type of selection are the lizards likely to impose on the cockroaches?

2. Wild tobacco plants with a single, dominant mutation are resistant to herbivory by hornworms (sphynx moth larvae). As a result, they grow larger and set many more seed. In areas where hornworms are present, what type of selection do they impose on tobacco plants?