1. Which of the following is a measure of disorder?
Conservation of energy
Entropy
Respiration
Kinetic energy
Potential energy

2. Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, what type of energy transformation is taking place?
kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy
chemical energy is transformed into potential energy
kinetic energy is transformed into chemical energy
chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy
none of the above

3. Which of the following directly provides energy for cellular work?
Fat
ATP
DNA
Sucrose
C6H12O6

4. Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring which of the following?
heat unit
adenosine
phosphate group
photon
spring

5. What is the name for specialized proteins that cause metabolic reactions to proceed at a faster rate than they normally would occur?
Enzymes
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Polysaccharides
Nucleic Acids

6. What does an enzyme’s function depend on?
size
weight
temperature
shape
pH

7. What is the name for the region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds?
enzymatic
substrate
active
denatured
conformational

8. What is the name for substances that plug up an enzyme’s active site?
induced fit factors
enzyme products
enzyme substrates
reactants
enzyme inhibitors

9. Diffusion is an example of which of the following?
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
passive transport
phagocytosis

10. Which of the following is the best description of osmosis?
Endocytosis
Active transport of substances against a concentration gradient.
The diffusion of nonpolar molecules.
The diffusion of a solute.
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

11. Which of the following statements describes the movement of water as a result of osmosis?
Movement to the side with lower water concentration.
Movement to the side with lower solute concentration.
No movement across the cell membrane.
Equal movement in both directions across the membrane.
Movement to the side with higher water concentration.

12. Which of the following statements is true about diffusion?
It is a process that only occurs at the cellular level.
It occurs when particles spread from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration.
It requires an input of energy.
It proceeds until equilibrium is reached.
It is the result of potential energy from atoms.

13. Which of the following will occur to a plant cell if it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
it will pump out excess water
it will undergo plasmolysis
it will swell (become turgid)
it will shrink
it will burst

14. Which of the following processes results in the net movement of a substance into a cell when, the substance is more concentrated INSIDE the cell than OUTSIDE the cell?
Plasmolysis
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Diffusion

15. Which of the following statements is TRUE about active transport?
Solutes are moved against their concentration gradient.
It can involve the transport of ions.
The cell must expend energy.
ATP is used as an energy source.
all of the above

16. What is the process called when a white blood cell engulf a bacterium?
osmosis
diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis

17. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 O2 + 6 H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6 CO2
6 CO2 + 6 O2 ® C6H12O6 + 6 H2O
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 ® C6H12O6
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ® 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

18. The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants for which of the following processes?
global warming
cell division
pH balance
nuclear fusion
cellular respiration

19. Which of the following absorbs light during photosynthesis?
chloroplast
vacuole
nucleus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmic reticulum

20. Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?
Roots
Interior cells
Stems
Leaves
Stomata

21. What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?
Vesicles
Thylakoids
Stroma
Reaction centers
Cristae

22. Which of the following converts light energy into chemical energy (sugars) through the process of photosynthesis?
flagella
bonds
chloroplasts
mitochondria
ribosomes

23. The light reactions of photosynthesis convert ______ energy to ______ energy.
ATP; NADPH
chemical; electrical
solar; chemical
electrical; solar
proton gradient; chemical

24. What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
It is an electron carrier.
It captures sunlight.
It fixes water.
It splits water.
It reflects sunlight.

25. What is the function of the Calvin cycle?
To oxidize glucose.
To make sugar
To capture sunlight.
To produce carbon dioxide (COTo produce carbon dioxide (CO2)
To split water.

26. Which of the following is an end product of photosynthesis?
sunlight
helium
glucose
water
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

27. Which of the following is a true statement regarding a green leaf?
The leaf is green because the pigments are excited.
The leaf is green because the pigments absorb wavelengths of light in the green spectrum.
The leaf is green because the green wavelengths have been used and discarded by the pigmented object.
The leaf is green because they have interacted with sunlight.
The leaf is green because the pigments reflect wavelengths of light in the green spectrum.

28. If a plant appears blue, what wavelength of light is being reflected?
Blue
Orange
Yellow
Green
Red

29. What name is given to a fixed quantity of light energy?
Photon
Spectrum
Phaser
Quantum
Wavelength

30. What is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules, like chlorophyll b and carotenoids?
To absorb energy in the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot
chlorophyll a gets burnt out by intense summer sunlight
plants cannot make enough chlorophyll a
To reflect more energy
To give them different colors

31. What compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem?
Carotenoids
Chlorophyll c
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Phycobilins

32. Which of the following is true about chlorophyll b?
It transfers light energy to chlorophyll a.
absorbs green light.
It reverses the affects of chlorophyll a.
participates directly in the light reactions.
All of the above.

33. When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to which state?
energetic
higher
excited
ground
quantum

34. Which of the following is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
electron transport chain
Calvin cycle
fermentation
glycolysis
citric acid cycle

35. What are the end products of cellular respiration?
water H2O only
carbon dioxide (CO2) only
water (H2O) and glucose (C6H12O6)
glucose (C6H12O6) only
water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

36. Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
Glucose + lactose ®galactose + water
Energy + carbon dioxide + water ® glucose + oxygen + water
Glucose ® lactic acid + energy
Glucose + oxygen ® carbon dioxide + water + energy
Glucose ® ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

37. Which of the following is required in an aerobic process?
ATP
carbohydrates
oxygen
light
carbon dioxide

38. Which of the following energy pathways is found in every living organism?
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
oxidative phosphorylation

39. Which of the following is the main metabolic pathway in animals?
anaerobic respiration
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
aerobic respiration
photosynthesis

40. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
Citric acid cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
Citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport
Electron transport, citric acid cycle, glycolysis
Electron transport, glycolysis, citric acid cycle

41. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of which of the following?
pyruvic acid
lactic acid
O2
ethyl alcohol
NAD+

42. ATP is produced during
glycolysis.
the electron transport chain.
citric acid cycle
A and B above.
A, B, and C above.

43. Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest number of ATP molecules?
fermentation
electron transport
the number is equal for all three stages
glycolysis
citric acid cycle

44. What occurs in redox reactions?
cells reproduce
enzymes catalyze reactions
materials move through the plasma membrane
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
isotopes form

45. Where in the cell do the citric acid cycle and electron transport take place?
ribosomes
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
mitochondria
nucleus

46. Aerobic cellular respiration generates how many molecules of ______ ATP from one molecule of glucose?
12
38
6
2
1

47. The term anaerobic means ______.
without CO2
without bacteria
without ATP
without O2
with O2

48. How many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose during anaerobic respiration?
4
38
10
2
36

49. Which of the following processes occurs under anaerobic conditions?
The electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
the Krebs cycle
fermentation
Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

50. What product does yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?
Ethyl alcohol
Creatine
Lactic acid
Glucosamine
Pyruvic acid