Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction:

Pyruvate + NADH + H^(+) → Lactate + NAD^(+)

Given the following facts, (a) tell in which direction the reaction will tend to go if NAD^(+), NADH, pyruvate, and lactate were mixed, all at 1 M concentrations, in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase at pH 7; (b) calculate ΔG’° for this reaction; (c) calculate Keq’ for this reaction.

NAD^(+) + H^(+) + 2e- → NADH E’° = -0.32 V
pyruvate + 2H^(+) + 2e- → lactate E’° = -0.19 V

The Faraday constant, F, is 96.48 kJ/V?mol.