Nursing Assignment: Diabetes and Drug Treatments

According to the American Diabetes Association, nearly 26 million children and adults have been diagnosed with diabetes in the United States. Approximately 2 million more are diagnosed every year, with another 79 million people considered to be at a pre-diabetic state (ADA, 2011). These millions of people are at risk of several alterations including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. Since diabetes has a major impact on the health of millions of people around the world, it is essential for advanced practice nurses to understand the pathophysiology and associated alterations of this disorder, as well as treatment and management options. In this Assignment, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

To prepare:

• Review this week’s media presentation on the endocrine system and diabetes, as well as Chapter 45 of the Poole Arcangelo and Peterson text and the Peterson, et al, article in your Learning Resources.

• Think about the differences in the pathophysiology of types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

• Select one type of diabetes.

• Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.

• Think about the short-term and long-term impact on patients of the type of diabetes you selected, including effects of drug treatments.

• Review the American Diabetes Association’s “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2012” web article in your Learning Resources. Consider one technique you would use to educate patients on these diabetes treatment standards.

To complete:

Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following:

• Explain the differences in the pathophysiology of types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

• Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to also include dietary considerations related to treatment.

• Explain the short-term and long-term impact on patients of the type of diabetes you selected, including effects of drug treatments.

• Describe one technique you would use to educate patients on the “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.”

Reminders:

• *Kindly put introduction, purpose of the paper, the content of the answered questions, summary/conclusion, and references (Put headings on it).

• *Please utilize my resources below at least three references on the list and you can add more at least 3 in your own resources…

RESOURCES:

Readings

• Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.).St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

o Chapter 17, “Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter explores mechanisms of hormonal regulation and the structure and function of the endocrine glands. It provides a foundation for examining alterations of the endocrine system, as well as the effects of aging on the endocrine glands.

o Chapter 18, “Alterations of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter begins with an explanation of the mechanisms of hormonal alterations. It then discusses alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, as well as thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, and adrenal functions. It also covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

o Chapter 36, “Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System”

This chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. It also explores the effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system.

o Chapter 37, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function”

This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints, and skeletal muscle disorders. Additionally, it explores musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

o Chapter 38, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children”

This chapter includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect children, such as congenital defects, bone infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal tumors, and nonaccidental trauma.

Poole Arcangelo, V., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

o Chapter 36, “Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis”

This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It then outlines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for both disorders.

o Chapter 37, “Fibromyalgia”

This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of fibromyalgia. It then covers the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for this disorder.

o Chapter 45, “Diabetes Mellitus”

This chapter begins by identifying the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. It then examines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus.

o Chapter 46, “Thyroid Disorders”

This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and administration of drug therapy for patients with thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, subclinical thyroid disease, and thyroiditis. It also discusses the mechanisms of prescribed drugs, as well as proper dosages and potential adverse reactions.

Ben-Zacharia, A. B. (2011). Therapeutics for multiple sclerosis symptoms. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(2), 176-191.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article covers the diagnosis, treatment, and management of multiple sclerosis. It also explores methods for treating other health issues that arise from multiple sclerosis.

Kargiotis, O., Paschali, A., Messinis, L., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2010). Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of current treatment options. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 67-82.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the process of evaluating and diagnosing patients who present with symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It also explores treatment and rehabilitation methods.

Peterson, K., Silverstein, J., Kaufman, F., & Warren-Boulton, E. (2007). Management of type 2 diabetes in youth: An update. American Family Physician, 76(5), 658-664.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article outlines the process of diagnosing, treating, and managing youths who have or are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It also suggests methods for body-weight management and reducing cardiovascular disease risks.

American Diabetes Association. (2012b). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012 [Online report]. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/35/Supplement_1/S11.full

This article reviews the classification, diagnosis, testing, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. It also explores factors that impact the onset of diabetes, as well as alternative non-drug treatment options.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from www.drugs.com

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Media

• Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012c). The endocrine system and diabetes. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation explores the endocrine system and diabetes including diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Optional Resources

• American Diabetes Association. (2012a). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2012, fromhttp://www.cdc.gov
• The Endocrine Society. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.endo-society.org/
• Haymarket Media, Inc. (2012). Monthly prescribing reference [Online database]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.empr.com/
• The Hormone Health Network. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.hormone.org/
• Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/
• Medscape. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/