Solution-Discuss the biochemical basis of the tests
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April 29, 2020What type of mutation do you expect it to cause
April 29, 2020Solution-Discuss the biochemical basis of the tests
1. Discuss the biochemical basis of the tests used in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver disease
2. Compare and contrast the hypothalamic-pituitary axes and their disorders in the adrenal glands and gonads
3. Using named examples, discuss the tests used to monitor substances of abuse
4. The following results are subject to pre-analytical error. Discuss the possible source of contamination/error and the reason for the erroneous results
Patient X
|
Analyte
|
Result |
Ref Range |
Units |
|
Sodium
|
138 |
135 – 145 |
mmol/L |
|
Potassium
|
>10.0 |
3.5 – 5.0 |
mmol/L |
|
Alkaline Phosphatase
|
No result |
95 – 320 |
IU/L |
|
Calcium
|
0.13 |
2.12 – 2.62 |
mmol/L |
|
Magnesium
|
<0.10 |
0.75 – 1.05 |
mmol/L |
5. Discuss the regulation of thyroid hormones and the clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism
6. Give three examples of controllable variables and discuss how they may affect laboratory results using specific analytes to support your answer
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Clinical laboratories across the world test these transaminase and aminotransferase in the liver to detect hepatocyte damage or injury. Liver cells are rich in ALT, which is normal situations are confined within a liver cell but during hepatocyte injury the ALT gets released into the blood stream. So detection of ALT indicates liver cell damage. ALT is specific for liver, so the test pinpoints liver injury only unlike AST which is also produced by heart and skeletal muscles.
During Cholestasis (blockage of bile flow), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity is increased in the liver cells lining the bile canaliculi. Even a short duration of cholestasis dramatically increases the ALP activity in the liver cells. A high ALP activity is also indicative of infiltrative disease, tumor formation and cirrhosis of the liver. Alkaline Phosphatase is not solely produced in the liver, other organs like the bone, kidney, small intestine and placenta also makes ALP.
