Disseminated intramuscular coagulation refers to systemic over-activation of the blood coagulation system, which ultimately leads to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is an acquired disorder involving activation of clotting cascade that includes deposition of fibrin and formation of micro vascular thrombi in different organs. Disseminated intramuscular coagulation is associated with a variety of clinical conditions like sepsis or severe infection, severe blood transfusion reactions, malignancy (in certain leukemias), pancreatitis, obstetric difficulties, trauma, etc. The complication starts as small blood clots are formed in the blood vessels and clog them, which cut off the supply of blood to organs like brain, liver or kidneys (Hess & Lawson, 2006).

Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated immune reaction against foreign antigens. Immediate hypersensitivity (Type I hypersensitivity) is considered to be an instant allergic response to certain types of antigens, mediated by IgE and mast cells. Allergic asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, prophylaxis are the examples of type I hypersensitive reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are manifested by antibodies interacting with allergens, where symptoms appear within minutes of antigen exposure. Upon the antigenic exposure, plasma cells secrete immunoglobulin E (IgE) that binds to Fc receptors present on the mast cells and eosinophils (Baeck & Goossens, 2012).

The treatment regime for delayed type hypersensitivity mainly relies on the control as there is no cure for such immune reactions. Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed so as to slow down the immune response.

Interferon, encyclopedic and phosphodiesterase are among the commonly prescribed drugs which are noninflammatory in nature (Demoly & Bousquet, 2002). In the late phase of the allergic response, steroids are used to restrict the immune reactions. Predisposition and methadone are the common steroids used to treat patients with type IV hypersensitive reactions. It is to note that regular monitoring of the patients is essential in case of long-term medication with such drugs, as they retain potential side effects.