1. Assume you identify a recessive mutation in the AP endonuclease in yeast. During the diploid phase of their lifecycle, the yeast are viable but haploid strains die rapidly. Why might this be?

2. (a). What is the difference between germline and somatic mutations? (b) name at least one way that each of these types of mutations can affect human health. 

3. (a) What type(s) of DNA damage is/are repaired by the non?homologous end?joining pathway? (b)
Describe this repair process. (c) Explain why non?homologous end?joining is considered an error prone DNA repair pathway? (d) What mutations are typically associated with non?homologous end joining?