Obesity and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Plan of Care for Detroit

Currently, obesity is one of the utmost PH (public health) problems globally. However, in spite of its acknowledged harmful impacts on the cardiovascular system as well as its connection with many CVD, latest findings causing the perceptions of development, for instance metabolically hale and hearty obesity, the paradox of obesity, as well as protective hypodermal depots of fat have raised up a dynamic discussion on the different impacts of obesity on health consequences. Currently, Michigan is ranked as the 17th utmost rate of obesity among adults. The present State’s obesity rate stands at 30.7%, up from 22.1% and 13.2% in 2000 and 1990 respectively (Stein, 2015).

This paper focuses on plan of care for obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) for Detroit, Michigan. It is very important to note that weight loss is associated with improved quality of life in some (Kolotkin et al, 2015) and has a lot do with a person’s perception of what weight loss or obesity means.

The first step will be application of MAP-IT (Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, and Track) assessment process. Second will be care plan proposition for Detroit: Nursing diagnosis and interventions for Detroit. Last will be disaster management plan that incorporates list of disasters that might affect Detroit; strategies for handling at least two disasters from the list; and recommendations for a disaster supplies kit.

MAP-IT in the Assessment Process

MAP-IT is a framework, which is capable of being utilized to plan as well as assess PH community interventions. This process consists of time, effort, in addition, a sequence of stages to ‘map out’ the pathway to the anticipated community change (Erwin et al., 2016).

Step I: Mobilize

To curb obesity and CVD in Detroit, the first step will be mobilization of key persons and organizations into a partnership. This partnership will help in the facilitation of community input on obesity and CVD via events, meetings, or advisory groups. On the other hand, there will be as well development and presentation of education as well as training program; leading fundraising as well as policy initiative (Erwin, et al., 2016).

Step II: Assess

The following step will be assessment of both needs and resources of Detroit. This will help in identification of what the actual needs and offer logic of what can genuinely be done, against what the locals wish to be done. The working together of the coalition associates will set priorities as well as distribute assets needed for the priorities. The coalition will be supposed to set precedence by identification of what members along with the main stakeholders perceive as the significant matters (Erwin, et al., 2016). Patients are generally confident in their ability to manage overweight and obesity effectively, however, some patients are not successful in achieving their weight loss goals. Educational plans, initiatives and multiple strategies to address the real-life success of weight control interventions in a long run help to close the gap between clinicians’ insights, patients’ perception and reality in the management of obesity (Leiter et al, 2015).

Step III: Plan

After setting priorities and collection of data, an action plan will be required with solid phases and limits. Clear objectives should be considered in the achievement of the plan. These objectives supposed to be specific to Detroit’s obesity and CVD issues and must deal with the program goal, the requirement to attain the goal, as well as a mode of gauging progress so as to be acquainted with the time the goal has been attained (Erwin, et al., 2016).

Step IV: Implement

However, as soon as an action plan is recognized, partnership members will have to start implementation of the plans and accomplishment stages recognized in the plan of care. The members will have to work on the completion of the duties, which have been allocated to them consistently with the established timeframe (Erwin, et al., 2016).

Step V: Track

The final step will be planning steady assessments to ration as well as track the progress eventually. In this step, analysis of the data and report on improvement will be necessary. The responsible body should make note of the plan to extent follow-up, which ever transformations that will have been made, and assessment of whether the objectives were reached (Erwin, et al., and 2016).

Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention for Detroit

The care plan will be identification of the best care plan for obesity and CVD for Detroit. The best nursing diagnosis and intervention should base on a number of aspects: nutritional imbalance; individual body image; social interaction; and deficiency of knowledge of the affected population in Detroit (Gulanick & Myers, 2014). An appropriate nursing diagnosis will be Imbalance Nutrition More Than Body Requirements, Disturbed Body Image and Deficient Knowledge (Learning Needs) regarding condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge needs. It will also be very important to look at these risks which incorporates most cardiovascular diseases like risk for decreased cardiac output, risk for impaired gas exchange, risk for ineffective breathing pattern and risk for activity intolerance (Gulanick & Myers, 2014). On nutritional imbalance, the diagnosis should incorporate

Review of the distinct obesity etiology,
Review of every day’s diet,

Exploration and discussion of eating habits.

Eating and appetite plan formulation,
Emphasis on avoidance of fat foods, tension during eating, and eating faster,
Discussion of the needs for self-permission,

Perception of associated health issues,
Periodical weighing (Gulanick & Myers, 2014).

On social interaction;

Review social family behaviors,
Encouragement of feelings expression and problem opinion,
Assessment of coping abilities and defense tools of the person,
Assessment of the patient’s actions that lead to discomfort (Gulanick & Myers, 2014).

On individual body image

Determination of the patient’s perceptions on the condition,
Provision of privacy at the time of care,
Outline and a clear nurse and patient responsibilities,
Weekly graphing of weight (Gulanick & Myers, 2014).

On deficiency of knowledge

Determination knowledge on nutrition,
Identification of individual long-term healthcare goals,
Identification of information source,
Encouragement of participation in social events for instance biking (Gulanick & Myers, 2014).

Disaster Management Plan

Even though Detroit is ranked among the safest cities from natural disasters, the possible disasters capable of striking it are hurricanes, tornadoes, and wildfire. Strategies for handling tornadoes incorporate seasonal conduction of tornado drills; knowing of the variance between a tornado watch and warning; having emergency provisions available; and development of a communication emergency plan (Michigan, 2004). Although there is least that can be done to prevent hurricanes, strategies known incorporate taking note of warning signs; creating a survival emergency kit; determining of evacuation modalities; protecting of homes; and avoiding the high risk areas. Conducting disaster response training drills and exercises that is focused and designed to concentrate and fix emergency planning and resource deficits and to also maintain and improve the overall emergency response readiness level of Detroit and the other participating local communities (Michigan, 2004). For example, in an event of a hurricane, tornado, wildfire or a flood, the local management that monitors disasters will assess and see if more assistance is needed and/ or if the emergency worsens to a level where synchronized assistance is needed the management will activate and alert other needed centers and also key workforces to respond as needed. There will also be a stand-by and equipped medical team to prevent any interruption with the medical team response. An organized communication system will be in place to update inhabitants of plan and available resources.

Detroit may not be ranked as one of the high risk areas for disasters, there is no doubt that a very organized, well equipped, functional and readily available plan should be in place to be able to tackle a disaster if need be.

References

Erwin, P. C., Brownson, R. C., Keck, C. W., & Scutchfield, F. D. (2016). Principles of public health practice. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2014). Nursing care plans: Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby.

Kolotkin R., Chen, S., Klassen, P., Gilder, K., & Greenway, F., (2015). Patient-reported quality of life in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone/bupropion for obesity. Clinical Obesity, Volume 5 (Issue 5, pages 237–244). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/doi/10.1111/cob.12108/abstract

Michigan. (2004). Michigan emergency management plan: Executive summary. Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State Police.

Leiter, L., Astrup, A., Andrews, R., Cuevas, A., Horn, D., Kunešová, M., Wittert, G., & Finer, N., (2015). Identification of educational needs in the management of overweight and obesity: results of an international survey of attitudes and practice. Clinical Obesity. Volume 5 (Issue 5, pages 245–255). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/doi/10.1111/cob.12109/abstract

Stein, N. (2015). Public health nutrition: Principles and practice in community and global health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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Posted on May 19, 2016Author TutorCategories Question, Questions