Understanding the historical objectivity and the truth behind all the activities that occurred requires heterogeneous approach and plurality of voices from different experts. It invokes the probability of learning from the history by knowing the forces behind the choices and situations that led to the current situation. The academicians aim at constructing a factual description of historical event from scattered sources. Lead by a body of question the historians describe the pattern of events including the background, causal mechanisms and the human choices that lead to the historical activities (Little & Daniel, 2012).

This paper will examine the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi party in Germany between 1920s and 1930s. It will highlight the historical context of fascism after World War II and the features of German fascism and other features that were exploited by Nazi party in order to defeat German left. It will also highlight how the constitutional power was captured and how Weimar Germany was transformed to third Reich. Towards the late 20^th century, there were changes in the field of arts, architecture, economics, literature and culture. All these changes are interpreted in different versions depending on the historical aspect they hold. The transitions that took place after World War II lead to societal and cultural hybrids due to mixture high and low cultures. Feature of post modernism are associated with society, culture, politics, and economics. Whatever the phase followed, the aim is to abandon the historically related movements toward future oriented goals (Martin, 2003).

World War I that began in 1914 came about largely due to inequality in power of the European countries. The crisis was after the six great powers, Germany, Italy, Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary and France had colonial issues. Each country wanted to be more powerful than others. At this period, there was scramble for Africa where the European countries tired to get may colonies from Africa as possible leading to conflict among the European countries. The immediate cause was territory in the region of Balkans which was under the control of Austria-Hungary but was also claimed by Russia and Serbia (Henig, 2002).Through various treaties and alliances the other great powers were pulled into the conflict. Long term causes were the increase in growth of nationalism in Europe, dispute in the territories and breakdown in the balance of power. There was also colonial rivalry of power, prestige, economic and military rivalry in the industry. There was also misunderstanding of intent that prevented the powers have diplomatic dialog with each other before declaring war.

Desire for independence also led to conflict among the great powers. Many people did not want to be ruled by other people who did not speak in their language. The war was declared after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand together with his wife Sophie at Sarajevo. He was the heir of Austro-Hungarian throne. They were killed by Gavrilo Princip who was a nationalist from Serbia (David, 2004).

All the European powers were to blame for the outbreak of the war in 1914. They had desire to be the most powerful over the others. Despite their many treaties and alliances, they failed to engage in dialogue to solve their conflicts. For example, Britain warned that if Germany attacked France, then it would intervene in favor of France (Georges, 2006).

When the World War I ended in 1918, there was a peace conference at Vast Versailles palace in Paris. The main purpose was to establish the terms of agreement after world war I. Representatives from Great Britain, Italy, France and United states came to be known as the “big four” and they dominated in the discussion. The treaty had a plan to form a league of nations that would have international security arrangement. This was aimed at preventing future wars between countries (Georges, 2006).

Germany was subjected to punitive measure under the terms set in the treaty of Versailles. They were supposed to surrender 10% of their pre-war territory in Europe and their overseas possessions. The size of German army and the navy was to be limited and they had to accept the responsibility of the war. Following their acceptance, they were allowed to compensate their Allies. This treaty was signed on 28^th June, 1919. Later on there was separate treaty in 1921, between United States and Germany called treaty of Berlin (Georges, 2006).

The treaty however was a representation of hypocrisy disguised in a deal to end future world wars. The “Big three” had different intentions in when making the treaty which was modified to reach at common agreement. Worse still, the Germans were not allowed to participate in the negotiation and were left humiliated. It gave chance for Germany to be torn apart by the extremist political parties such as those of Adolf Hitler and Nazis. The treaty was the recipe for more conflict that even led to Second World War (Dave, 2004).

America joined the World War I in 1916. It led to industrial growth in U.S, development of women movement and adoption of new diplomatic policies by the government. The industries IN U.S as the manufacturers had to increase the level of production in order to support the ongoing war. New technologies were applied to produce large quantity of products within a short period of time. This created employment opportunities to the African-American people and there was rural urban migration. Most of the workers in the factories were women as many men were serving oversea as the soldiers. However, Americans lost more than 100,000 people during the war (Dean, 2006).

The developments in US are comparable to those in Britain. During the World War I, there was improvement in the living and working conditions as the trade unions pressurized the government to improve the wages. The unions agreed not to go on strike during the war and give their government some time. If there was no war the government would have been defeated by the worker’s strike. The development of women and realization of their role in the society also came about during the war. Women were not allowed to vote or participate in national leadership. They were not allowed to work outside their home and they were given little salaries for any work they did. However, when many men went to war, the industries were left without workers and the women were employed to replace them. Many of them worked as nurses especially those from upper or middle class. It is clear that World War I lead in industrial growth and appreciation of Women in the society in both Great Britain and America (Dave, 2014).

After the war however, the country had great depression due to the decrease of the economic prosperity that they were enjoying. The production in the factories had to be reduced because there was no longer a war to support with their produce. The women who were employed in the factories to lose their jobs as their male counterpart were back. This led to massive unemployment. The women had shown their potential in having the same capability in work as well as in leadership. As a result, US president Wilson urged the congress to give women their rights as they deserved it. ‘They had made partners with men during the war’ (Dean, 2006).The role of the government on the industries changed in that the government no longer interfered with the running of the industries.

The economic depression was also realized in Germany soon after World War I ended. Hitler’s rise in power is attributed to many factors in and outside Germany. In 1933, President Hindenburg chose Hitler as the chancellor. He had power to convince people to support him. He promised to overturn the treaty of Versailles that the Germans felt was the cause of the depression. During the depression, people lost confidence in democratic system and turned to extremists such as communists and Nazis. The Nazis troops attacked the Hitler’s opponents thus giving him more power. The Nazis used Goebbel’s propaganda campaign which was very effective and gave them support. The industrialists gave Hitler a lot of money and support because they feared their businesses would collapse (BBC-GSCE Bite size, 2014).

Nazi used racism ideology, where there was a belief that humans are created by God separately. The Aryan race was the master race while others were sub-humans. They believed that natural and artificial selection would preserve the health of the Aryan race. Hitler considered that allowing the other races to interbreed would be dangerous for the Aryan and would be a sin to God. He advocated that the Jews should remain in celibate life, before he came up with the final solution to the problem, artificial selection (Coel, 2011).

In the beginning of world war II soviet union sign an agreement that was against aggressive confrontation with the Nazi Germany This was however breached when the Nazi Germany attacked and caused massive casualties. They eventually captured Berlin in 1945, where they caused vast German losses. The political and ideological differences with the Western bloc led to formation of economic and military pacts, which ended the cold war (Robert, 2005).

After World War II Americans didn’t trust communists and the Russians did not trust capitalists. There was suspicion of overpowering each other between US and the Soviet. The two nations were united from a conflict and the most powerful nation in the world. They both had desire to propagate their cultural and political ideologies in the world. They could not discuss this in open and they didn’t have mutual trust with each other therefore cold war started. Death of US   president Franklin Roosevelt in 1945 heightened a future conflict among the powerful countries. His vice president, Hurry Truman became the next president, after 82 days of his service as a vice president (Shmoop editorial team, 2008)

To regulate the international monetary and financial order, a conference was held at Bretton woods in Washington after the end of World War II in 1944. The conference aimed at agreement on international monetary changes that affected nations which transacted with each other. It led to formation of World Bank, foreign exchange rate system and subscription of all the member countries. Consequently, the countries could trade with each other easily. It encouraged open market and the industrialized countries to lower their barriers for trade with other countries (Steil & Benin, 2013).

Cuba missile crisis in 1962 was a clear indication of the big disagreement between the Soviet Union and United States of America. Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev had an agreement with Cuba premier, Fidel Castro to place nuclear missile to prevent future invasion. American president had attempted to overthrow Cuba regime. After a series of direct and non bureaucratic communication, Soviet Union removed the entire nuclear missile from Cuba. US had warned that there would be an attack to destroy the site for missile. This was a win for US in that they managed to force Soviet Union remove their weapons from Cuba (Sheldon, 2012).

In 1945, United Nations (UN) was formed with main aim of securing peace in the world. This was after the Second World War and the conflicts between nations (Ferdinand, 2014). The conflicts shifted from inter-national to intra-national conflict. The organization deals with problem of civil and ethnic strife within the affected countries (Kingsbury, 1994).

Twentieth century was the most murderous century from the technological advancement in military. The social and political development of European countries used its members of state or the colonies to secure their sovereignty. The first and the Second World War claimed millions of live from innocent civilian. There were discovery of technologically advanced military equipment including machine guns and nuclear bombs. Apart from killing many Japanese during the aerial bombing at Hiroshima, the side effect of the disaster if experienced to date by the off springs of the survivors. In addition, there has been increase in illegal smuggling of the weapons thereby increasing the intra-national conflicts and massacre.

There is no satisfactory explanation of the statement that civilian are accidental victims to the military technological advancement. Most of the cases can be controlled by having strict measures that govern development, movement and usage of deadly military weapons. According to Adam (2010) the civilians have been victims of war involving the military leading to over 90% of the casualties being civilians from 1990. Deaths of the civilians are from direct attack by the military, or as an effect of war that leaves them without food or health care (Xu Jin, 2006). Strict international laws are put in place to prevent eruption of conflicts and war in a country or between states. Formation of international criminal court in Netherland is a great step, in ensuring that war criminals and propagators are judged and sentenced in regards to these laws (Adams, 2014).

In conclusion, twentieth century has been dangerous period for the people all over the world. Despite there being much technological advancement, it has been associated with political upheavals that resulted to enormous human suffering. However there are strong ongoing measure that are developed to ensure that the technological and political development do not inflict pain and looses of human life

References.

Little & Daniel, 2012. The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy: philosophy of history, winter 2012, edition, pg66.

Martin, 2003. Communication, culture and technology programme: The post modern, post modernism, post modernity. Vol (3): pg 19.

David, 2004. World War I: Origin and outbreak. Oxford university press Vol (1) 208 pg 114

Henig, 2002. The origin of First World War. Routledge. Vol 5: pg 16.

Dean, 2006. Women in World War I. Retrieved from www.world war I. com on 23^rd may 2014.

Adams, 2014. Survival, global politics strategy: Live and statistics. Vol 52. Pg 89.

Coel, 2011. Nazi racial ideology was religious, creationist and opposed Darwinism. Retrieved from; coelsblog.wordpress.com Accessed on 23^rd May, 2014.

Shmoop editorial team, 2014. Causes of cold war. Shmoop University, inc., 11 Nov, 2008. Retrieved from; shmoop.com.

Steil & Benin, 2013. The battle of bretton woods: John Maynard Keynes, HurryDexter white and making of a new world order. Princeton University. Vol 5: pg 74

Sheldon, 2012. The Cuban missile crisis in American memory: myths versus reality. Stanford university press. Vol (2): pg 23.

Xu Jin, 2006. The strategic implications of changes in military technology. Chinese journal of international politics. Vol (2): pg 163-193.

Valentino, Benjamin (2004): Final Solutions. Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (1) pg 45.

Cordier, 2013. Public Papers of the Secretaries General of the United Nations. Columbia University Press vol 4: 97-9

Kingsbury, Benedict, and Adam Roberts, 1994.  United Nations, Divided World: The UN’s Roles in International Relations, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. Vol 2: pg 605-619

Leslie, & Scott A., 2004. A Guide to Delegate Preparation: A Model United Nations Handbook. New York: United Nations Publications, vol 8 pg 776-81

Ferdinand, Peter 2014. “Rising powers at the UN: an analysis of the voting behavior of brics in the General Assembly.” Third World Quarterly 35#3 pp: 376-391.

Vreeland, 2014. The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council: Money and Influence. Cambridge University press. Vol 6.pg 213-24

Clark, 2013 “Liberal internationalism, the practice of special responsibilities and evolving politics of the security council.” International Politics vol 50#1 pp: 38-56.

Axelrod, (2009). History of the Cold War,a New Look at the Past. New York: Sterling Publishing Co. vol 4 pg 17-23

Buffet, 2010. “Germany, between Cuba and Berlin”. The Cuban Missile Crisis exhibition. Vol 6: pg 33

Jane, D., 2009. “The Evolving International Monetary System” Journal of Economics 2009, Volume 33, pp. 633-652.

Need assistance with this?