1. Which of the following drugs are mismatched to their mode of action?

a. Griseofulvin – blocks microtubule assembly
b. imidizole, triazole, & allylamines – inhibition of ergosterol synthesis (plasma membrane becomes leaky)
c. Flucytosine – interference of RNA synthesis, disrupting protein synthesis
d. Echinocandins – inhibition of mitochondrial function

2. Many antiviral drugs are analogs of nucleosides and nucleotides, yet eukaryotic cells can incorporate these into DNA and RNA. Why are they selectively more toxic to viruses?

a. Comparatively, viruses undergo protein synthesis more rapidly.
b. Because eukaryotic cells have amphibolic pathways for these analogs.
c. Because they prevent viral attachment to the host cell.
d. Comparatively, viruses replicate at a much higher rate thus incorporating more analogs.

3. How do analogs of nucleosides and nucleotides kill viruses?

a. They accelerate the mutation rate causing the accumulation of fatal errors within the viral genome.
b. They indirectly result in defective or missing essential viral proteins.
c. They incorporate into the mitochondrial genome of the virus.
d. Both b and c.
e. Both a and b.

4. All of the following are stages of the viral life cycle that can be exploited for selective toxicity of drugs EXCEPT?

a. Viral protein cutting (processing) – prevention by protease inhibitors
b. Integration of viral DNA into host’s DNA – prevention by integrase inhibitors
c. Viral synthesis of plasma membrane – prevention by antibiotics
d. Viral entry into host cell – prevention by fusion inhibitors

5. Match the following antiviral drugs to their mode of action:

1. Tamiflu a. protease inhibitor
2. Tenofovir b. induction of antiviral interferons
3. Indinavir c. reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV
4. Acyclovir d. inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase
5. Imiquimod e. nucleoside analog

6. Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by species of the genera Plasmodium. All of the following are drugs used to treat malaria EXCEPT?

a. Quinacrine
b. Tinidazole
c. Quinine
d. Mefloquine

7. Some protozoans like Trichomonas vaginalis undergo anaerobic metabolism like strictly anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium. Which of the following is a drug that can interfere with anaerobic metabolism?

a. Metronidazole
b. Nitazoxanide
c. Albendazole
d. Ivermectin

8. All of the following are modes of action of antihelminthic drugs EXCEPT?

a. inhibition of cytoplasmic microtubule formation
b. inhibition of attachment to host
c. inhibition of ATP production under aerobic conditions
d. alteration of plasma membrane permeability

9. Which of the following are tests for microbial sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents?

a. Broth dilution
b. Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion
c. Vogues-Prauskaeur
d. Both a & b
e. Both b and c

10. Why does the zone of inhibition around a disk on a Kirby-Bauer plate vary with the antibiotic?

a. Some antibiotic disks undergo osmosis.
b. Some antibiotics are chemotactant.
c. Some antibiotics have poor solubilities and cannot diffuse outward into the plate easily.
d. None of the above.

11. What advantage does the broth dilution test hold over the disk-diffusion method?

a. It can determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)
b. It can determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
c. Both a and b.
d. None of the above.