1. List and explain 3 different methods that can be used to prevent the spread of food borne infections
2. For each of the following diseases, list the pathogen, type of microorganism responsible (bacteria, virus or protist), mode of transportation, strategies for prevention
3. Briefly describe at least 2 individual choices that influence the control and spread of HPV
   1. What 2 factors contribute to its spread

18.   Organ rejection is a common problem with organ transplants. In light of    what you have learned about the functioning of the immune system, explain,     in sentence form, the potential reasons for organ rejection. Be sure to include    the terms phagocyte,” T-Cell,” and B-cell” in your answer.

19.   Severed combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or bubble-boy syndrome” is an   inherited disorder that affects approximately one out of every 100,000 newborns. Left untreated, infants with SCID usually die within a year of their    birth from infections that are not lethal to the rest of the population. The     disease affects both the B-cells and T-cells of their immune system. Describe     why we are not able to live without functional B- and T-cells. Be sure to     include an explanation of the function of these cells in your answer.

20.   HIV changes the shape of its glycoproteins very quickly. Explain why this   would make it difficult for scientists to develop an effective vaccine against   this virus.

21.   In sentence form, explain the following statement: We are in a constant    arms race against pathogenic micro-organisms.” In your explanation, include   a description of both antibiotics and antivirals. Use two examples to support    your explanation.

23.   Using a Venn diagram, compare and contract antibiotics and antiseptics.    Provide two points for each heading.

24.   In May 2000, an outbreak of a waterborne intestinal disease caused by the E. coli bacterium hit a small community in Bruce County, Ontario. Use an Internet search engine to find a reliable article or website describing this preventable tragedy.

a) In point form, assess the reliability of the article using each of the following   five criteria.

• Website
• Author/s
• Date of Publication
• Objective Reasoning
• External Links

b)    Briefly describe the cause of the outbreak and why it was considered     preventable.

25.   The last large-scale outbreak of polio in Canada occurred in 1959. Briefly explain why we still vaccinate against the poliovirus.

26.   In point form, compare and contrast cholera and polio. Provide two   similarities and two differences between them.