Introduction to Oceanography

Question 1 (1 point)

Question 2 (1 point)

Question 3 (1 point)

Question 4 (1 point)

Question 5 (1 point)

Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.

The largest component by volume of dry air is oxygen.

true

false

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If water absorbed all light and did not scatter or reflect it, what color would the the ocean appear when viewed from above?

blue

black

white

red

yellow

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If a sound pulse is sent vertically downward into the sea and its reflected echo from the seafloor returns 6 seconds later, the depth of the water is _______ meters.

9,000

12,000

3,000

6,600

4,500

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What property of water allows you to place a volume of water in a glass that is greater than the volume of the glass?

compressibility

surface tension

heat capacity

density

viscosity

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Imagine an experiment where we uniformly heat three containers, one with water, one with dry sand, one with damp sand. Which one would experience the greatest increase in temperature?

dry sand

it is impossible to tell with the information given

they would all heat up the same amount

damp sand

water

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Quiz – Introduction to Oceanography Section N01 Fall Semester 2013 CO… https://westga.view.usg.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_attempt…

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Question 6 (1 point)

Question 7 (1 point)

Question 8 (1 point)

Question 9 (1 point)

Question 10 (1 point)

How many calories are required to convert 2 grams of ice at 0 degrees C to water vapor at 100 degrees C?

670

1440

160

2768

1180

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Forchhammer’s principle states that the _____________ of dissolved salts per unit volume of ocean water is nearly constant, even though the ________________ may change.

amount, proportion

density, salinity

proportion, amount

quantity, equilibrium

equilibrium, quantity

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Approximately what percentage of seawater is dissolved solids?

86

2.5

3.5

none of the above

35

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When warm, moist air passes over cold water or a cold earth surface, _____ fog is formed, and heat is transferred from __________. (Hint: don’t panic, combine what you learned about fog with latent heat.)

radiative; water vapor to the surrounding air

radiative; the surrounding air to water vapor

advective; water vapor to the surrounding air

advective; the surrounding air to water vapor

sea smoke; water vapor to the surrounding air

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Which of the following is NOT necessary for radiation fog to occur?

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Question 11 (1 point)

Question 12 (1 point)

Question 13 (1 point)

Question 14 (1 point)

Question 15 (1 point)

no sunshine

little or no cloud cover

light or no surface breeze

cold, wet ground

moisture at ground level

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If all the world’s sea ice melted, sea level would

rise

fall

remain the same

you can’t tell from the given information

it depends on the season

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If the world’s sea ice melted, sea level would rise.

true

false

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A local coastal wind controlled only by daily temperature variation between land and water will blow ______________ during the day.

45 degrees to the right

onshore

45 degrees to the left

offshore

parallel to the shore

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What physical property is the driving force of convection cell circulation?

density

energy

calories

heat

viscosity

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The amount of energy from the sun entering the earth’s atmosphere

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Question 16 (1 point)

Question 17 (1 point)

Question 18 (1 point)

Question 19 (1 point)

cannot be measured

is the same across the tropics

does not vary with latitude

is always highest at the equator on the equinoxes

is the same at the Earth’s surface as the top of the atmosphere

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Atlantic basin hurricanes move from east to west mainly because of

convection

Coriolis effect

the northeast trade winds

the westerly trade winds

Earth’s rotation

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The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the meeting place of what two wind belts?

southeast trades and northeast trades

doldrums and northeast trades

doldrums and southeast trades

polar easterilies and southwest trades

southwest trades and southeast trades

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The average location of the meteorological equator is

23.5 degrees south latitude

coincident with the geographic equator

5 degrees north latitude

23.5 degrees north latitude

5 degrees south latitude

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The location labeled “A” most likely experiences

winter dry monsoons

dry, rainshadow effects

orographic rainfall

summer wet monsoons

landbreezes

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Question 20 (1 point)

Question 21 (1 point)

Question 22 (1 point)

Question 23 (1 point)

Question 24 (1 point)

Question 25 (1 point)

Daily summer solar radiation levels at polar latitudes are caused by the high intensity of radiation per unit surface area rather than by long periods of daylight.

true

false

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Why is more heat energy absorbed from the sun in the tropics than at the poles?

land masses are larger in the tropics

there is more water in the tropics

there is a higher angle of incidence of solar rays in the tropics

there is a lower angle of incidence of solar rays in the tropics

there is more cloud cover at the poles

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The tropics are warmer than the poles because there is more incoming solar radiation at low latitudes than at high latitudes.

true

false

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The weather systems across the United States move from west to east mainly because of

the northeast trade winds

Earth’s rotation

convection

Coriolis effect

the westerly trade winds

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A wind blowing from Miami to New York would be called a ____________ wind.

west

east

hurricane

north

south

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The accompanying diagram shows the conditions during what phenomenon and what season?

Quiz – Introduction to Oceanography Section N01 Fall Semester 2013 CO… https://westga.view.usg.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_attempt…

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Question 26 (1 point)

Question 27 (1 point)

Question 28 (1 point)

La Niña summer

Normal or neutral conditions

El Niño summer

El Niño winter

La Niña winter

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The cause of the decrease in primary productivity during El Niño is

Carbon dioxide levels too high

Major upwelling of nutrients

Decreased upwelling of nutrients

Increased oxygenation of surface water

Decreased downwelling of nutrients

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The accompanying diagram shows the conditions during what phenomenon and what season?

La Niña winter

La Niña summer

El Niño winter

El Niño summer

Normal or neutral conditions

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During La Niña, sea level in the western Pacific is __________ than during El Niño.

higher

lower

variable

the same as

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Quiz – Introduction to Oceanography Section N01 Fall Semester 2013 CO… https://westga.view.usg.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_attempt…

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Question 29 (1 point)

Question 30 (1 point)

Question 31 (1 point)

Question 32 (1 point)

Question 33 (1 point)

The Southern Oscillation Index

is essentially a mirror image of sea surface temperature

shows the trend of atmospheric pressure differences between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia

shows the “SO” in “ENSO”

is one measure of the large-scale fluctuations in air pressure occurring between the western and eastern tropical Pacific

each of the choices is correct

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The atmospheric convection cell associated with the El Niño phenomenon is

Southern Oscillation

Walker Circulation

Doldrums

Jet Stream

Hadley Cell

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The feature labeled “F” is _________ _____________ during an El Niño.

an ocean current. It moves to the east

the thermocline. It occurs deeper in the eastern Pacific Ocean

convection. It forms further east

upwelling. It may get “shut off” by the layer of warm water above it

normal circulation. The surface winds (trade winds) may reverse

the warm pool. It starts to spread eastward when the trade winds slacken

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The “barometric effect” accounts for about _______ increase in storm surge level for every 1 millibar drop in air pressure associated with a hurricane.

1 inch

1 foot

1 centimeter

1 meter

10 meters

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You are watching the evening news with your family and hear reports of a tropical cyclone hitting Australia. You can confidently tell your family that the winds in the storm are rotating __________.

Quiz – Introduction to Oceanography Section N01 Fall Semester 2013 CO… https://westga.view.usg.edu/d2l/lms/quizzing/user/attempt/quiz_attempt…

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Question 34 (1 point)

Question 35 (1 point)

to the left

to the right

clockwise

counterclockwise

forward

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Maximum wind speed in a hurricane occurs

at sea level

in the right, front quadrant

in the Caribbean

in the eye wall

in the eye

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The areas in red are common zones of hurricane formation. There no (or very few) hurricanes formed in the area labeled “A.” Why?

coriolis effect moves hurricanes away from “A”

downwelling makes the water warm

monsoons interfere with hurricane formation there

upwelling usually makes the surface water too cold for hurricanes to form

the trade winds knock the tops off hurricanes there

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Question 36 (1 point)

Question 37 (1 point)

Question 38 (1 point)

Storm surges

result from the very high atmospheric pressures associated with hurricanes

only form at high tides

only form at low tides

occurs on the back side of hurricanes

may be amplified by concave shorelines and broad shallow continental shelves

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Storm surge is a theoretical still-water level. Storm waves are in addition to the storm surge.

true

false

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As the hurricane approaches land, which directions are the winds at City B?

alongshore

down

offshore

up

onshore

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Question 39 (1 point)

Question 40 (1 point)

Question 41 (1 point)

Question 42 (1 point)

Of these properties, which is the most important in controlling the density of water?

none of these is more important than the others

heat capacity

temperature

salinity

pressure

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What drives the ocean conveyor system?

density

salinity

pressure

temperature

upwelling

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Which of the following processes can cause surface seawater to increase in density?

sea ice formation

sea ice melting

surface water evaporation

both sea ice formation and surface water evaporation

both sea ice melting and surface water evaporation

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