Q1. An amateur horse breeder has acquired four new bay-coloured mares (female horses) with uncertain pedigree. What are the probable genotypes of the mares purchased?

Q2. Glucose is pumped into some eukaryotic cells by a symporter powered by the simultaneous entry of sodium ions. The entry of sodium provides the free-energy input of 10.8 kJ/mol under typical cellular conditions (external [sodium] = 143 mM, internal [sodium] = 14 mM, and membrane potential = -50 mV). How large a concentration of glucose could be generated by this free-energy input?