Health Care and Life Sciences
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Health Care and Life Sciences
Question one
Some of the instruments that were used to measure the variables in the two articles include scales, surveys and informal observations. Firstly, in the article authored by Kneipp, surveys has been used by the National Health Interview in determining the definition of a chronic health Conditions that are generally not cured and the once that are acquired (Kneipp et al. 2011; Trinkoff et al 2011). As such, its application has been employed to ascertain episodic treatment and possible cure for patients with depression. A similar instrument has been employed in the Trinkoff’s context by determining the Nurses Work life and Health Study as a three-wave longitudinal study of nurse injury in relation to work schedule and job demands (Kneipp et al. 2011; Trinkoff et al 2011). Besides, the uses of scales have been applied in both contexts to facilitate statistical analyses. The reliability of the survey has not been cited in both cases. However, the reliability of have been stated as significant and less significant while ascertaining the level of treatment and work schedule for nurses.
Question two
While most areas of the design have not showed much concerns about bias, the methodological strengths of the study as used in the Kneipp context such as randomized, controlled trial design, sample size, retention, and use of the CBPR process. Providing services on-site in local WTP offices, using lay community personnel to deliver Medicaid training, and basing the intervention largely on PHN competencies are features that facilitate transfer into practice are perceived to have been deployed with a lot of biases since the range is limited. On the other hand, Trinkoff analysis only included responses from nurses working in hospitals with only four or more working in nursing homes a range that exceptional excluded nursing fraternity in other institutions (Kneipp et al. 2011; Trinkoff et al 2011).

References:
Kneipp, S. M., Kairalla, J. A., Lutz, B. J., Pereira, D., Hall, A. G., Flocks, J., … & Schwartz, T.         (2011). Public health nursing case management for women receiving temporary     assistance for needy families: A randomized controlled trial using community-based     participatory research. American journal of public health, 101(9), 1759.
Trinkoff, A. M., Johantgen, M., Storr, C. L., Gurses, A. P., Liang, Y., & Han, K. (2011). Nurses’ work schedule characteristics, nurse staffing, and patient mortality. Nursing research, 60(1), 1-8.