Project description
Like the other Genetics Assignments I ordered before there is a list of questions, short answers, true or false, matching and multiple choice, that needs to be solved,

however its crucial for me that you get your information from a specific source because this is an online course and it has a specific book, I don’t think the

professor will accept any outside sources other than the book. the book can be found online I believe and it has to be the eight edition because its the one we are

using for the course this is the title of the book Human Genetics Concepts and Applications 8th Edition (Eighth Edition)

Assignment 4
This assignment is marked out of 100 possible points and is worth 10% of your final grade. Complete it after you have finished Unit 16, and submit it to your tutor for

grading. Please submit this assignment via the appropriate Assignment Drop Box. If you require an alternative submission method, please contact your tutor. Note:

Assignments sent via post mail should include a Tutor-Marked Exercise Form.
Answer the questions in your own words, using full sentences where applicable. Please review the section of your Course Manual concerning Plagiarism and Academic

Misconduct before you complete Assignment 4.
For each of questions 1 5, select the most appropriate response, and explain your choice. (3 marks each; total = 15 marks)
1.    A blood transfusion is incompatible when the donor’s blood type is _______ and the recipient’s blood type is_________.
a.    B- ; AB+
b.    AB- ; O+
c.    O+ ; A+
d.    O- ; AB+
e.    A- ; AB-
Explain:
2.    Antibodies important to the immature immune systems of newborn human infants are
a.    IgA and IgM.
b.    IgD and IgE.
c.    IgE and IgG.
d.    IgG and IgA.
e.    IgM and IgE.
Explain:
3.    Which of the following characteristics is not typical of cancer cells?
a.    They have telomerase activity.
b.    They are highly specialized.
c.    They are heritable.
d.    They are transplantable.
e.    They lack contact inhibition.
Explain:
4.    Which of these genetic tests will confirm whether a newborn has a cystic fibrosis genotype?
a.    carrier screen
b.    prenatal screen
c.    diagnostic test
d.    predisposition test
e.    predictive test
Explain:
5.    The polymerase chain reaction has applications in
a.    forensics.
b.    environmental sciences.
c.    diagnostic tests in humans.
d.    the study of microorganisms.
e.    all of the above.
Explain:
6.    Match each descriptor or example in the right-hand column to the best term in the left hand column. Use only one descriptor per term, and one term per

descriptor. (10 marks)
Term    Descriptor/example
1.    ____    fever    a.     RNA template for DNA synthesis
2.    ____    innate immunity    b.     single nucleotide polymorphism
3.     ____    MAb    c.     separation of DNA fragments
4.    ____    telomerase    d.     evolutionary relationships
5.    ____    sporadic cancer    e.     stronger phagocyte attack
6.     ____    electroporation    f.     delivery of a gene to a specific location
7.    ____    electrophoresis    g.     somatic mutations
8.     ____    gene targeting    h.     delivery of a gene to a cell
9.    ____    positional cloning    i.     antibody used to target specific tissue
10.    ____    comparative genomics    j.     interferon and interleukins
7.    The human immune system has developed diverse, coordinated methods of resisting and destroying viruses.
a.    Describe the typical composition of a virus. Why are viruses not classified as living organisms? (3 marks)
b.    Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses? What characteristics do antibiotics specifically target, and why is this advantageous to humans? (3 marks)
c.    HIV has characteristics, such as a high rate of mutation, that enable it to evade the human adaptive immune response. Describe why it mutates faster than human

nuclear DNA. (3 marks)
d.    Lewis states, First, HIV enters macrophages, impairing this first line of defense (2008, p. 339). This is not quite true. To get this far, HIV managed to get

through the real first line of defense. What is this first line? Give two examples of its methods. (3 marks)
8.    What would be the likely immune response ability of an individual with a deletion of a Class II gene of the MHC on one chromosome and a nonsense mutation at

the beginning of the same gene on the homologue? (4 marks)
9.    A completely new protein has been synthesized by a research lab. You are inadvertently exposed to it and have an allergic response. What type of antibody

initiates this response? How can your body make antibodies to a new antigen? (4 marks)
10.    Viruses can cause an increase in the rate of transcription of proto-oncogenes in at least two ways: directly and indirectly. Describe these two modes. (6

marks)
11.    Give two reasons why a cancer associated with an inherited damaged p53 allele is not considered an autosomal recessive Mendelian trait.
(4 marks)
12.    Explain why a gain of function would be a dominant effect and a loss of function would be a recessive effect. Which types of genes are each associated with:

oncogenes or defective tumour suppressor genes? Why? (5 marks)
13.    What negative role does the environment play in causing cancer? What positive effects can the environment have? (3 marks)
14.    Identify four naturally occurring enzymes important to DNA technologies, and describe an example for each of their natural and technological uses. (10 marks)
15.    Match each of the methods or vectors below to an appropriate form of gene therapy, assigning two methods or vectors to each form. Use each method or vector

only once. (6 marks)
Methods/vectors: particle bombardment, microinjection, liposome, electroporation, virus, chemical hole formation.
Forms of gene therapy: in vivo, in situ, ex vivo
16.    Identify and compare the methods of somatic gene therapies for ADA deficiency described on pp. 404 405 (Lewis) and OTC deficiency described on pp. 405-406

(Lewis). (6 marks)
17.    Compare a genetic cause of male infertility to a genetic cause of female infertility. (4 marks)
18.    Describe the uses, process, and outcome of PGD. (6 marks)
19.    Research methods used in studying a genetic disease change with technological advances. These changes can be seen in Reading 22.1: Discovering the Huntington

Disease Gene, which describes the integrated Mendelian and molecular approaches in the investigation of Huntington disease. Briefly summarize the molecular studies.
(5 marks)