You are studying three populations of birds. Population 1 has ten birds, of which one is brown (a recessive trait) and nine are red. Population 2 has 100 birds. In that population, ten of the birds are brown. Population 3 has 30 birds, and three of them are brown.

a. In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest? Explain.

b. In which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele? Explain.

c. Which population is most likely to be subject to the bottleneck effect. Explain.