Q1. How can activity of insects or mites cause damage to plants that can be misdiagnosed as disease give examples? Describe the mechanical and chemical means used by pathogens to attack plants. Elucidate how plant pathognic attack can affect plant physiological process. Explain the pre-infectional and post -infectional processes used by plants in defence against plant pathogenic attack.

Q2. Approximately half of our vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the colon. Based on this information, why might taking a broad spectrum antibiotic produce frequent nosebleeds?