EARTH SCIENCE

QUESTION 1

1. Recall from your reading about the principle types of volcanoes to choose the best answer: Crater Lake, a caldera, formed from the collapse of a __________.

2.

composite volcano.

shield volcano.

cinder volcano.

lava dome

QUESTION 2

1. According to the radiometric time scale reading, which of the following describes radioactive decay?

2.

The number of protons remains the same, but the number of neutrons varies

The number of neutrons remains the same, but the number of protons varies

The mass number of the daughter isotope is one more than the parent and both isotopes have the same atomic number

The daughter isotope has an atomic number two less than the parent and a mass number four less

QUESTION 3

1. Refer to the following relative time scale diagram to answer the question: which period represents the longest subdivision of the geologic time.

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Precambrian

Eocene

Carboniferous

Mississippian

QUESTION 4

1. Mt. Rainier in Washington State is an excellent example of what principle type of volcano?

2.

An eroded shield volcano

A caldera

A stratovolcano

Flood basalts

QUESTION 5

1. Recall from your reading about the nature of volcanoes to choose the best answer: A volcanic eruption is driven by __________ and __________ which forces its way upward and may ultimately break though zones of weaknesses in the Earth’s crust.

2.

heat; water pressure

heat; gas pressure

buoyancy; gas pressure

buoyancy; water pressure

QUESTION 6

1. Recall your reading of Relative Time Scale and Radiometric Time Scale and match the term with the definition.

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Isotopes

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Half-life

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Carbon 14

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Igneous rocks

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Hutton

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Petrology

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Index fossil

– A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Stratigraphy

A.

Rocks that generally do not contain fossils

B.

Forms of life which existed during limited periods of geologic time and thus are used as guides to the age of the rocks in which they are preserved

C.

Studies of rock layering

D.

The time it takes for one-half of a particular radioactive isotope in a sample to decay

E.

Atoms of the same element with differing atomic weights

F.

Isotope found in all living plants and animals

G.

Studies on the origins of the various kinds of rocks

H.

The Scottish geologist who first proposed the fundamental principle used to classify rocks according to their relative ages

QUESTION 7

1. Recall from your reading of Principal Types of Volcanoes, and match the description to the type of volcano.

– A. B. C.

Large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material.

– A. B. C.

Small basaltic cones built during one, short, eruptive episode; dominated by cinders.

– A. B. C.

Volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.

– A. B. C.

Big volcanoes of Hawaii

– A. B. C.

Volcano Paricutin in Mexico

– A. B. C.

Forms dikes from lava

– A. B. C.

Lava is produced after the eruption and flows from the bottom

– A. B. C.

Volcanoes with gentle slopes spreading over large areas

A.

Composite/stratovolcanoes

B.

Shield volcanoes

C.

Cinder cones

QUESTION 8

1. Recall from your reading about the radiometric time scale to put the following isotopes in order of use, from oldest rock to youngest.

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Carbon-14

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Potassium-40

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Samarium-147

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Thorium-232

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Uranium-235

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Uranium-238

– 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Rubidium-87

200 words QUESTION 9

1. Recall from reading the nature of volcanoes, and in your own words, briefly discuss how the rate of cooling determines the type of rock that forms from magma/lava.

200 words QUESTION 10

1. According to the figure below, give an approximate age for the Dakota Sandstone and for the Wasatch Formation. Explain what evidence you used to determine this.

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200 words QUESTION 11

1. Recall from your reading about the nature of volcanoes, and in your own words, compare and contrast aa and pahoehoe lava in appearance and how they form.