Chambers, J. C., Eda, S., Bassett, P., Karim, Y., Thompson, S. G., Gallimore, J. R., … & Kooner, J. S. (2001). C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, central obesity, and coronary heart disease risk in Indian Asians from the United Kingdom compared with European whites. Circulation, 104(2), 145-150.

According to research carried out by Jaward m khan and D Gareth Beevers showed that there are various medical and lifestyle approaches that are used by Asian women to manage and control diabetes. A number of these methods were as discussed below.

normokalaemic hypertensive patients. This is made possible by the nautriutic factor of potassium. Furthermore, a good number of hypertensive women, have adopted a salt-free diet, where their intake of salt does not exceed 6g per day. However, this reduced salt intake has been substituted by taking food rich in sodium; to replace the sodium intake forgone. Other women have also adopted a diet free of unsaturated fat. This is because unsaturated fat is known to accelerate blood pressure. trongly associated with obesity and insulin resistant in women of various age groups.

angiotensin receptor antagonists are also used by some women. Another widely used method is the ALLHAT (anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack)

Conclusion

High blood pressure is associated with both morbidity and high death rate; these can be significantly reduced by employing hypertension reduction methods. Hence, effective control and management methods should be employed to curb the menace of high blood pressure especially in women, who are highly predisposed to hypertension.

Yang, W., Lu, J., Weng, J., Jia, W., Ji, L., Xiao, J., … & He, J. (2010). Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(12), 1090-1101.

Results

The comparative prevalence of overall diabetes (initially diagnosed and initially undiagnosed ) and pre-diabetes were 9.7% and 15.5%, respectively.However it was noted that the age-standardized incidence of hypertension was significantly higher among men than women (p<0.001).

Metabolic risk factors

The adjusted average fasting glucose level, body weight index, waist size, serum triglyceride level and the systolic blood pressure were noted to vary significantly, where they were higher in men than in women. Also, the high-density

Lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in men compared to the women.

Shortcomings

Firstly, women were oversampled, and there was a lower response rate among men. These issues were taken into consideration when calculating statistical weights. However, the response level was above 80% in men, and there was little selection bias caused by non-response.

Gupta, R., Pandey, R. M., Misra, A., Agrawal, A., Misra, P., Dey, S., … & Guptha, S. (2012). High prevalence and low awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Asian Indian women. Journal of human hypertension, 26(10), 585-593.

bp>140/>90mmhg) was noted in 1672 women(39.2%)(rural 746,31.5%;urban 926,48.2%)the primary determinants of hypertension were urban location, literacy, fatty foods, low fiber level I diet and obesity.(p,0.01)it was noted that 727(42.8%)women had hypertension awareness ,of these more were from urban(529,56.8%)than in rural(198,24.6%)of these 38.6% were under medication(urban 35.7 ,rural 46.5).it was also noted that of those treated ,controlled blood pressure(,140and,90mmhg) was noted in 21.5%(urban 28.3vs 10.2)

Conclusion

There is a high incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Asian Indian women. Very little awareness treatment and control efforts are evident.

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. (2003). Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Hypertension, 21(4), 707-716.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In China, a third of all deaths are related to CVD. The pressure is the most predisposing factor; accounting for 45%.in Chia, there is generally low awareness, treatment, and control. Current guidelines in China recommend a blood pressure treatment goal of 140/90 mm Hg. The Asian women have adopted a lifestyle free of habits that may predispose them to cardiovascular attack, which is known to accelerate high blood pressure.

Management methods

Lifestyle factors

The survey revealed that the differences in blood pressure prevalence between the Hispanic and the non-Hispanic women was due to the lifestyle adopted.Hispanics engaged themselves to vigorous exercises compared to non-Hispanics. The survey also revealed that the Hispanics had low levels of cholesterol. Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to accelerate blood pressure. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system inhibitor therapy, which reduces the adverse effects of (RAAS) hence, most of the Asian women is using this to reduce the extreme effects of hypertension. The survey also indicated that the use of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) significantly reduces blood pressure. Another common inhibitor used is the Direct Renin Inhibitors(DRIs)