Q1. What is a double layered with molecules that have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head? It is found in all cells and it controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Q2. On the Pacific island of Guam, large herbivorous bats called “flying foxes” commonly feed on cycad seeds, a potent source of neurotoxins. The flying foxes do not visit male cones. As a result, what should be true?

Q3. When oxygen is unavailable, some cells use anaerobic (fermentation) pathways to make ATP. Another textbook says regarding fermentation: “The final steps serve only to regenerate NAD+.” What does this statement mean? Describe using examples of specific fermentation pathways.