The dawn of the new democratic South Africa put a huge pressure on state department to a change and re-aligns their focus and relevancy with regard to constitutional and political correctness. The South African police service among others had to bolster and improve its image and constitutional correctness and relevancy. It was mainly on the mandate and the total image which included demilitarization and more important the policy position as a guiding role including operational day to day work performance. Standard operating procedures relating to new philosophical approach and the strategic understanding of its impact at face value of the organization and the community they serve.

The fact that community policing implementation within the two identified stations in Gauteng North is constantly changing, this indicators cannot be generalized to the whole of the (9) nine Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. Our communities are by their nature very diversed. The following for understanding of integrated implementation of this adopted policing philosophy. Specific principles relate to accountability, integrity, impartiality and effective service.

How individual police officials act in relation to application and implementation of community policing the standard operating procedures must always is adhered to. The change may be due to the demand of the community. The partnership that must be there and the structures that must be formed are by nature the core of community policing.

There are very specific difficulties relating to implementation and the understanding by members within sectors on relationships. The core f community policing in the station that formed the population of the researched has been the focus on sector policing as foundation. If this type of structures are build and understood by all relating to their functioning the core principles are easily understood.

For the constant change of the implementation process the causative factor, relate to the continuous changing factor of the communities around the two stations on socio, political and economic factors.

Community participation is affected by the notion of police reservists who a high number of them are currently not working and are forming an integral part of the forum. Youth is also included and they have their own interests. The practical is enforcing some community members not to be more concern about being part of the structures.

CONTENTAcknowledgements2Abstract3Contents4Chapter 1 Introduction and Background5-6Problem Statement7Research Statement7Primary Objective7Secondary Objective7Central Theoretical Statement7Research Methodology8Literature Review8Research Study8-9Selecting the Target Groups9Data Collection Methods10Identification of Variables10Data Analysis10Conclusion10-11Chapter 2 Introduction12-14The Political Influence in Community Policing14-16The Impact of Community Policing Policy on Implementation16South Africa’s Community Policing Policy16-21Definition of Concepts21-22Conclusion22-23Chapter 3 Introduction23-24Deviations24Methodology24-25Major Study Themes25The Study Population and Sampling25-26Data Collection Techniques used for the study26-27Analysis of Results and Discussion27Validity and Reliability27-28Assumptions28Scope and Limitations29Conclusion29Bibliography30CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

The status of policing in South Africa since the creation of the new democracy has been influence by a number of factors. The history of the police and their method of operation was characterized by a high level of atrocities due to divide and rule system of government of the past.

After the first democratic elections in South Africa, one of the most important aspects was to ensure that the police and the community has to work together in order to maintain and manage law and order. The constitution compelled the police to have structures that were going to enable the harmony of the relationship between them (police), and members of the society.

Community policing philosophy was then adopted from the British model of policing by the South African Police Service management and the government as a whole. This was to be the model to be followed and was considered to be the best for the new democracy. Politicians were very much aware of how the police were used by the past government, which was not in accordance with the human rights. Community policing became the new corporate strategy for the SAPS( Burger,2007:99).

According to Brogden and Nijhar (2005: 13) the concept of community policing is described as a very difficult borrowed concept or approach that still need to be internalized by the importers and exporters. This particular analysis holds water for Southern Africa as importers of the concept. It has been used by the politicians to enable the softening of the hostile views and feelings of the Southern African communities towards the police in general.

The concept at philosophical level is borrowed in order to address most communities’ law and order concerns. From the views of Van Rooyen (1994:100) he looks at community policing demands in order to reach the objective of policing. Most important is the ability of members to interact with communities relating to the matters affects them. He also covered a lot of ground in chapter, of his book traditional policing approach. This he define around the issue of management and discipline which was core for para-military form of policing.

In the first five years of democracy the South African Police had to do away with the para-military style of policing and amalgamation process was encouraged all the eleven police agencies became one Service the South African Police Service in 1995. The management did away with two military ranks the Lieutenant and Major, there was also an initiation of new names of ranks which were more service orientated and public friendly.

According to the sentiments shared by Hughes et al (2006:102) he describe the principal duty of the police as prevention of crime which was the core of Peelian vision of policing in the early nineteenth century. This is what is very difficult and stereotype approach to policing which most country suffer from including South Africa.

The establishment of community policing in South Africa brought some of the most interesting challenges to the SAPS management. Burger (2007: 97) looks more on the impact of legislative and policy framework of the period 1994-1996 as far as this approach is concern. One will understand that the impact of this is very important for this study. He further looks at what drove the politicians to encourage the philosophy of community policing within SAPS.

For this study it is important to define community policing as a philosophy in order to draw a vivid departure point. According to Trojanowicz et al (2001:1) community policing is defined as a dramatic change in the philosophy that determines the way law enforcement agencies interact with the public. They further extent on their idealism of the philosophy as not only a merely means to address community concerns but as a philosophy that turns traditional policing on its head by empowering the community rather than dictating to it.

The other prominent view is that community policing is a grassroots form of participative democracy rather than a representative top down approach to addressing contemporary community life (Trojanowicz et al 2002:2). This view of the definition of the concept has the underlying foundation which will be important for the implementation of the philosophy of community policing.

Miller and Hess (2008:52) look at the concept community as specific geographic area served by a police department or law enforcement agency and the modus dual organizations and agencies within the area. The South African view on community will hold the same sentiments. When the focus is placed on how to implement it will be important to explore this specific view and its implications.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Since the conception of community policing as an approach within the SAPS there has been a number of official instructions given. The main issues relate to the fact that implementation keeps on changing. It seems as if any person who has authority determine how community policing must be implemented and applied in a given area of duristriction or station precinct.

For the countries that have been applying community policing it is rather difficult to draw comparative/comparison due to the nature of South African and the foundations of SAPS. We are the growing economy first; the vast land of our country is rural and per-rural. A small percentage is urbanized and all this have an influence in policing and social fiber of our country.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

The objective of this research is to determine why or what is a course for community policing within South Africa to be a constant changing phenomenon.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this research is to find out, why is it that the application of community policing within the SAPS is never constant across the understanding of all the role players.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

The secondary objective of the research is to come up with the correct measures of assisting in the establishment of a solution to the problem relating to constant changing phenomenon of the community policing.

CENTRAL THEORETIAL STATEMENT

The fact that one is not going to look into numbers of people who are applying community policing but the quality relating to the understanding of the philosophy and it validity of application that may lead to it being constant rather than the continuous changing.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYLITERATURE REVIEW

In the literature review, more specific material relating to community policing will be consulted. Relevant authors who have written on the subject within the South African context will be consulted and their views are explored.

Official documents that are available within the South African Police Service relating to guidelines and rules for implementation of community policing will be scrutinized. The impact on practical implementation will be indicated and be explored.

The logical argument presentation will be followed and be enhanced by the articulation of views by the views expressed on the implementation and the understanding of community policing as a philosophy for contacting the activities relating to the core of policing.

RESEACH STUDY

The researcher will have structured interview with the management of two stations within Tshwane North Temba cluster, which will be Temba police station as well as Hammanskraal police station. For members of visible policing who are doing crime prevention within the sectors, there will be questionnaire, which will have close and open-ended questions. Some of the questions will have liked scale within which members can make choice on the vases of the questions asked for a specific category. My unit of analysis will be limited to the members within in the two stations who are hands on with respect to community policing.

The sample size will be based on 10% of the whole population target as indicated in the paragraph of unit of analysis.

The nature of this study is qualitative and the research design is characterized by the same method, it is therefore responsive to the context, which is an evaluation of community policing implementation within the two stations in Temba cluster Tshwane North, which are namely Temba and Hammanskraal. It is also imperative to mention that the geographical nature of the said location is both rural and per-urban in nature.

The study will involve within its planning the two most important phases in research which are data gathering and analysis of which the research will move to and from in the approach sequence. The focus of semi-structured interview will be conducted with managers of the stations then the members who are operational at both station on crime prevention or visible policing who are performing sector policing as a method of community policing implementation.

Due to diversity of the communities within which members are performing their duty, the continuous decision-making will form the core during the progress of the study in order to strengthen the data quality from the unit of analysis. Such concurrent control mostly is reliant on the strategic viewpoint chosen for the nature of the study. It must be understood that this is done in relation to the main research question and the context of the study or project. A specific methodology will then determine the strategies that are chosen for the study, in this case the qualitative methodology.

The main purpose of the study is to answer the research questions and its goals. Due to the nature of the study in order to guard against deviation, the research design will be treated as a problem that must be carefully considered throughout the study. In semi-structure interview for the fact that for qualitative research this are a sole source of information, care will be taken in scheduling the interviews due to the commitment of the subjects on daily basis due to the nature of their duty which should not be disturbed. The will be manageable question which will serve as the foundation for the interviews. The researcher will enhance some based on the developments for data quality occurring the interview.

SELECTING THE TARGET GROUPS

For this study the members of the police from the two stations who are responsible for community policing and are within visible policing have been identifies as the target group. In order the ensure similarities those that are performing their duties within the sectors as sector managers and or performing crime prevention will be added to the target group.

Of the utmost important, to consider will be the demographic data, which will have, and indication of experience, which may be the factor during the interviews. Most important to consider is that interviews will be conducted with the station managers as well as the sector managers together with their people or sub ordinates. Other technical aspects of the study regarding validity will be ensured by employing relevant methods to deal with instruments and their quality.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Data will be collected through the utilization of questionnaires that will be administered at the two police stations of the SAPS Temba cluster.

IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES

Variable will be identified and their influence on the results will be controlled in order to preserve the validity of the research results as well as that of the instruments used.

Most important for this part will be to see whether there is any relationship between dependant and independent variables. Due to the nature of my research questions, it is very important to recognize whether the third variable is present and what will be its influence of the research results if it is not controlled in order to ensure minimal influence or none. This is because a number of issues within the SAPS can influence implementation of community policing. The management view of the concept and their understanding. The policy and guidelines, and the knowledge of members who had to carry out the duties.

To control the known threats will be imperative in this study. The reaction of subjects is very important measure to be noticed or subject effects. Because the researcher works within the SAPS, experiments effects will also had to be monitored in order to exercise control and fairness.

DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis will be done on the raw data that would have been collected. The most important factors relating to data analysis will be to give clear indication of the significance relating to research question.

Due to the rise of the population, the statistical information will be limited.

CONCLUSION

Community policing introduction and practice has brought a number of issues within the South African Police Service (SAPS) since its introduction in the early 90’s. the researcher looked at a series of features within policing that were influenced by the dawn of the democratic South Africa. The changes that needed to be in place due to the process that was followed by the country’s political fraternity in setting the stage for the democratic election in South Africa.

The core issues that drove the idea within the researcher’s sphere of influence has been the observation based on implementation of community policing. The philosophy of community policing, as a concept is not an African issue. This is the borrowed concept that had its own challenges. Besides the fact that it became a very attractive concept that was to among all address the past secretive practices of the apartheid police, almost people viewed it as the one aspect that would bring the community and the police closer.

The challenges that were brought by the philosophy cover legislative impact and policy framework. With the policy guidelines directives and implementation, some changes were undertaken by the SAPS to ensure compliance. The core of the problem statement emanated from the same state of affairs. As South Africa as a country is a growing economy, socio-economic status of communities have a great influence on policing and how such communities are to be policed.

For the police to find all relevant facts relating to the implementation and monitoring of community policing there are various factors to consider. The study communities that have been identified have some challenges that need to be confronted. The South African Police Service must ensure that there are clear guidelines to be followed in the practical and maintainenace of community policing. If these guidelines are not continually monitored, its sustainability will be to no avail.

The main challenge as far as the legitimacy of community policing and its success is always the reflection on the comparison on ability to work in partnership with the community and the crime being committed within the area of responsibility. If balance can be found in the harmony of the relationship or partnership, then high level of success in solving crime should be achieved. The main challenge in the problem statement is that community policing seem to be a constantly changing phenomenon within the two stations that have been identified.

CHAPTER 22.1

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