Eukaryotic cells may divide through mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis generates new cells for growth and repair. And, meiosis generates sex cells (gametes), known as the sperm and eggs. Modifications or mutations in the genes in sex cells may be inherited by human offspring. Genetic variation in a population of organisms is good; but, sometimes mutations may be harmful or may cause genetic disorders.

Answer the following questions in brief:

a) How do the meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilization) generate the offspring which differ genetically from the parents?

b) Describe one example of the human disorder which is inherited and also explain the specific inheritance pattern. For this example, pick disorders which result from mutations in DNA or chromosome number rather than examples like a genetic tendency for a disorder like cancer.