Suppose that the extracellular concentration of Cl– is 123 mM and the intracellular concentrationis 4 mM. The membrane electrical potential (?V) is 0.06 V, inside negative relative to outside.

At 298 K, for transport of Cl– ions from the outside into the cell:

1) Calculate the electrical potential term of ? Gtransport for transport of Cl– ions into the cell, the term reflecting the electrical gradient across the membrane. Does this term favor flow of Cl– ions into the cell, or out of the cell?

2) Calculate the overall ? Gtransport for flow of Cl– ions from outside into the cell. Would Cl– ions flow into the cell, or out of the cell, under conditions described in question above?